Abstract

This paper presents the development of a simulation model for battery-electric public transportation buses aimed at accurately predicting energy consumption and state of charge with minimal input data. The model considers driving resistances, elevation profiles, temperatures, and load conditions to closely replicate real-world operational scenarios. Validation with data from a Swiss public transport company shows high accuracy in the prediction of energy consumption and state of charge. The model facilitates precise route and charging infrastructure planning, enhancing efficiency and optimizing costs for public transport operators.